Fullerene, a nanoscale carbon structure, is prepared by producing fullerene-rich soot through electric currents between graphite electrodes in an inert atmosphere. This process can also be achieved through laser ablation or pyrolysis of aromatic hydrocarbons, with combustion being the most efficient method. The fullerene market is driving growth in industries including healthcare and cosmetics due to its round shape and water-soluble properties. Its unique carbon structure offers therapeutic benefits in cancer treatment. The market is boosted by solar energy systems and its use in organic photovoltaic cells. Fullerenes are also being used in electronics, automotive, aerospace, and military as a steel substitute. The main challenge is creating safe, efficient, and effective carriers for drugs and DNA.